碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层常规测井评价方法

哈萨克斯坦K油田石炭系KT-Ⅱ段储层为开阔台地相中低孔、特低渗灰岩储层，裂缝对改善储层的渗流能力至关重要，前人研究的利用常规测井资料评价碳酸盐岩储层裂缝的方法由于受裂缝产状、饱和度、泥浆侵入深浅等多方面因素的影响，存在确定性差、容易误判的缺陷。基于研究区目的层段有限的取心和电成像测井资料，结合孔隙型储层和裂缝-孔隙型储层测井响应特征，提出了利用补偿中子确定基块岩石电阻率与基块声波时差，再比较二者与深侧向电阻率、声波时差的差异特征，进而综合识别储层不同产状裂缝发育段，最后建立了裂缝孔隙度、次生孔隙度、裂缝渗透率、总渗透率等储层参数的测井解释模型，实现了利用常规测井资料对碳酸盐岩油藏储层的裂缝识别及参数定量评价。该方法应用的测井综合评价成果与取心物性分析、生产动态情况能够更好地匹配，为该类油藏的合理高效开发提供了依据。     

Layered Birnessite Cathode with a Displacement/Intercalation Mechanism for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Mn-based rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are highly promising because of their high operating voltages,attractive energy densities,and eco-friendliness.However,the electrochemical performances of Mn-based cathodes usually suffer from their serious structure transformation upon charge/discharge cycling.Herein,we report a layered sodium-ion/crystal water co-intercalated Birnessite cathode with the formula of Na0.55Mn2O4·0.57H2O(NMOH)for high-performance aqueous ZIBs.A displacement/intercalation electrochemical mechanism was confirmed in the Mn-based cathode for the first time.Na+and crystal water enlarge the interlayer distance to enhance the insertion of Zn^2+,and some sodium ions are replaced with Zn^2+ in the first cycle to further stabilize the layered structure for subsequent reversible Zn^2+/H^+ insertion/extraction,resulting in exceptional specific capacities and satisfactory structural stabilities.Additionally,a pseudo-capacitance derived from the surface-adsorbed Na^+ also contributes to the electrochemical performances.The NMOH cathode not only delivers high reversible capacities of 389.8 and 87.1 mA h g^−1 at current densities of 200 and 1500 mA g^−1,respectively,but also maintains a good long-cycling performance of 201.6 mA h g^−1 at a high current density of 500 mA g^−1 after 400 cycles,which makes the NMOH cathode competitive for practical applications.     

寒冷地区某既有办公建筑围护结构优化改造研究

既有公共建筑能耗中,围护结构节能潜力巨大。以兰州某既有办公建筑为例,采用DeST-C软件模拟围护结构不同材料厚度、窗型,得出系列负荷,通过对数据分析、比较,得出如下结论:外墙外保温适宜材料为50mm的挤塑板,最大热负荷节能率为45.66%;屋面适宜保温材料为65mm的挤塑板,最大热负荷节能率为4.25%;外窗各个朝向全部更换玻璃,推荐选用内张膜中空玻璃(双膜),最大热负荷节能率为7.36%;单独更换南向外窗材料,推荐选用真空镀膜复合中空玻璃,最大热负荷节能率为1.78%。     

克量级铀中微量铕和铽的放化分离方法研究

为提高中子诱发铀裂变时低产额裂变产物¹⁵⁶Eu和¹⁶¹Tb产额测量的精度，需获得放化纯的¹⁵⁶Eu和¹⁶¹Tb样品。本工作建立了氢氧化物共沉淀法除铝、氟化钙共沉淀法除铀、TRPO萃取法提取稀土元素、阳离子交换色谱法从混合稀土元素中分离Eu和Tb的流程，可用于大量铀、铝和裂变产物中微量Eu和Tb的分离。在待分离样品中含2 g铀、0.65 g铝和裂变产物的条件下，该流程对Eu、Tb的化学回收率均大于80%，对U、²³⁹Np、⁹⁵Zr、¹⁰³Ru、¹³¹I、¹³²Te、¹⁴⁰Ba、¹⁴⁰La、¹⁴¹Ce、¹⁴⁷Nd等主要干扰物质的去污因子达到106。该方法可满足中子诱发铀裂变时¹⁵⁶Eu和¹⁶¹Tb产额精确测量的要求。     

具有外套管的释热元件表面温度求解

为进行具有外套管的释热元件的性能分析，需准确计算元件包壳外侧的温度分布。由于套管结构内外均存在流体，传热情况较为复杂，因此本文基于传热基本方程和能量守恒关系，设计开发了专用的迭代算法和计算程序求解该结构温度分布，并采用典型算例，将计算结果与Fluent软件仿真结果进行对比。结果表明，本文程序计算结果与Fluent软件仿真结果的相对误差小于5%。基于本算法编写的程序模块与燃料元件性能分析程序相耦合，可提高燃料性能分析流程的独立性。     

The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

Sensitivity of a solid Eu(III) complex towards acetonitrile vapor: Structural and spectroscopic characterization

The Eu(III) nitrate complex of the meso- N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethylene)-1,2-(R,S)-cyclohexanediamine ligand was synthesized and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The crystal lattice of the complex is capable of absorbing and desorbing selectively acetonitrile molecules, at 293 K upon an acetonitrile vapor pressure of ∼0.1 × 10⁵ Pa. This process, which is partially reversible, can be easily followed by both powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) and Eu(III) luminescence spectroscopy. The acetonitrile molecule, located in the outer coordination sphere of the metal ion, does not affect the radiative transition probability of ⁵D₀ level of Eu(III) and also it does not activate further non-radiative channels from this level. On the other hand, this molecule is capable of affecting the energy position and intensities of the crystal field components of the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition. The complex in solid form can be considered a promising material for the optical sensing of acetonitrile vapors.     

Lewis acid-oxygen vacancy interfacial synergistic catalysis over SO42−/Ce0.84Zr0.16O2–WO3–ZrO2 for N,N-diethylation of aniline with ethanol

Herein, a new mechanism involving Lewis acid-oxygen vacancy interfacial synergistic catalysis for aniline N,N-diethylation with ethanol was proposed, and the SO₄²⁻/Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂–WO₃–ZrO₂ catalyst (SCWZ) with both Lewis acid sites and oxygen vacancies was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, which shows better catalytic activity than the reported solid acidic catalysts. Besides, the SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂ (SZ) and SO₄²⁻/WO₃–ZrO₂ (SWZ) catalysts were also prepared and compared with SCWZ to investigate the synergistic effect of each component. The SO₄²⁻ and WO₃ mainly generate Lewis acid by bonding with ZrO₂, which is beneficial for the fracture of the N–H bond in aniline. The Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ solid solution mainly plays a vital role in generating the oxygen vacancies as the interface active species, which can participate in stripping –OH from ethanol, then the carbocation will also be released, which only needs 1.3805 kcal/mol energy, calculated by density functional theory (DFT), to be input. In comparison, the traditional reaction mechanism needs the Brønsted acidic sites to promote the protonation of ethanol, then dehydration and subsequent formation of carbocation followed, and 108.6846 kcal/mol energy needs to be input, which is far higher than that of the new mechanism. The apparent activation energy (E_a) over SCWZ was measured by experiment to be 34.09 kJ/mol, which is much lower than that of SWZ (47.10 kJ/mol) and SZ (54.37 kJ/mol), illustrating comparatively preferable kinetics for SCWZ than that of SWZ and SZ. Besides, the conversion of aniline and selectivity to N,N-diethylaniline over SCWZ reach almost 100% and 73%, respectively. The SCWZ can be renewed for 4 times without rapid deactivation, and the longevity of SCWZ is longer than that of SWZ and SZ, as the loaded SO₄²⁻ and tetragonal ZrO₂ are stabilized by Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ and WO₃, respectively.     

Densely connected convolutional network block based autoencoder for panorama map compression

As a novel virtual reality (VR) format, panorama maps are attracting increasing attention, while the compression of panorama images is still a concern. In this paper, a densely connected convolutional network block (dense block) based autoencoder is proposed to compress panorama maps. In the proposed autoencoder, dense blocks are specially designed to reuse feature maps and reduce redundancy of features. Meanwhile, a loss function, which imports a position-dependent weight item for each pixel, is proposed to train and adjust network parameters, in order to make the autoencoder fit to properties of panorama maps. Based on the proposed autoencoder and the weighted loss function, a greedy block-wise training scheme is also designed to avoid gradient vanishing problem and speed up training. During training process, the autoencoder is divided into several sub-nets. After each sub-net is trained separately, the whole network is fine-tuned to achieve the best performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed autoencoder, compared with JPEG, saves up to 79.69 % bit rates, and obtains 7.27dB gain in BD-WS-PSNR or 0.0789 gain in BD-WS-SSIM. The proposed autoencoder also outperforms JPEG 2000, HEVC and VVC in both BD-WS-PSNR and BD-WS-SSIM. Meanwhile, subjective results show that the proposed autoencoder can recover details of panorama images, and reconstruct maps with high visual quality.